nuclei, primes and the random matrix connection核,质数和随机矩阵连接.pdfVIP

Symmetry 2009, 1, 64-105; doi:10.3390/sym1010064 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Nuclei, Primes and the Random Matrix Connection Frank W. K. Firk and Steven J. Miller The Henry Koerner Center for Emeritus Faculty, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: Steven.J.Miller@ Received: 16 July 2009; in revised form: 3 September 2009 / Accepted: 18 September 2009 / Published: 20 September 2009 Abstract: In this article, we discuss the remarkable connection between two very different fields, number theory and nuclear physics. We describe the essential aspects of these fields, the quantities studied, and how insights in one have been fruitfully applied in the other. The exciting branch of modern mathematics – random matrix theory – provides the connec- tion between the two fields. We assume no detailed knowledge of number theory, nuclear physics, or random matrix theory; all that is required is some familiarity with linear algebra and probability theory, as well as some results from complex analysis. Our goal is to provide the inquisitive reader with a sound overview of the subjects, placing them in their historical context in a way that is not traditionally given in the popular and technical surveys. Keywords: Random Matrix Theory; Nuclear Physics; -functions Classification: MSC 11M26 (primary), 11B52 (secondary) 1. Summary I