nucleoside triphosphates — building blocks for the modification of nucleic acids核苷三磷酸腺苷-核酸的修改的构建块.pdfVIP

Molecules 2012, 17, 13569-13591; doi:10.3390/molecules171113569 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Nucleoside Triphosphates — Building Blocks for the Modification of Nucleic Acids Marcel Hollenstein Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; E-Mail: hollenstein@dcb.unibe.ch; Tel.: +41-316-314-372 Received: 21 September 2012; in revised form: 7 November 2012 / Accepted: 9 November 2012 / Published: 15 November 2012 Abstract: Nucleoside triphosphates are moldable entities that can easily be functionalized at various locations. The enzymatic polymerization of these modified triphosphate analogues represents a versatile platform for the facile and mild generation of (highly) functionalized nucleic acids. Numerous modified triphosphates have been utilized in a broad palette of applications spanning from DNA-tagging and -labeling to the generation of catalytic nucleic acids. This review will focus on the recent progress made in the synthesis of modified nucleoside triphosphates as well as on the understanding of the mechanisms underlying their polymerase acceptance. In addition, the usefulness of chemically altered dNTPs in SELEX and related methods of in vitro selection will be highlighted, with a particular emphasis on the generation of modified DNA enzy