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regulatory t cells in arterivirus and coronavirus infections do they protect against disease or enhance it调节性t细胞在arterivirus和冠状病毒感染他们预防疾病或增强.pdf

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regulatory t cells in arterivirus and coronavirus infections do they protect against disease or enhance it调节性t细胞在arterivirus和冠状病毒感染他们预防疾病或增强

Viruses 2012, 4, 833-846; doi:10.3390/v4050833 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Regulatory T Cells in Arterivirus and Coronavirus Infections: Do They Protect Against Disease or Enhance it? Thomas E. Cecere, S. Michelle Todd and Tanya LeRoith * Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; E-Mails: tcecere@ (T.C.); smtodd@ (S.T.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: tleroith@; Tel.: +1-540-231-7627; Fax: +1-540-231-6033. Received: 2 April 2012; in revised form: 3 May 2012 / Accepted: 7 May 2012 / Published: 15 May 2012 Abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells that are responsible for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis. The hallmark of Tregs is the expression of the forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) transcription factor. Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) are a distinct population of T cells that express CD4 and FoxP3. nTregs develop in + the thymus and function in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. Other CD4 , - - + - CD4 CD8 , and CD8 CD28 T cells can be induced to acquire regulatory function by antigenic stimulation, depending on the cytokine milieu. Inducible (or adaptive) T