repeated episodes of heroin cause enduring alterations of circadian activity in protracted abstinence反复发作的海洛因导致长期禁欲持久改变的生理活动.pdfVIP
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repeated episodes of heroin cause enduring alterations of circadian activity in protracted abstinence反复发作的海洛因导致长期禁欲持久改变的生理活动
Brain Sci. 2012, 2, 421-433; doi:10.3390/brainsci2030421
OPEN ACCESS
brain sciences
ISSN 2076-3425
/journal/brainsci/
Article
Repeated Episodes of Heroin Cause Enduring Alterations of
Circadian Activity in Protracted Abstinence
Luis Stinus 1,2, Martine Cador 1,2 and Stephanie Caille 1,2,*
1 University of Bordeaux, INCIA, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
E-Mails: luis.stinus.saez@ (L.S.); martine.cador@u-bordeaux2.fr (M.C.)
2 National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 5287, INCIA, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: stephanie.garnier@u-bordeaux2.fr;
Tel.: +33-557-57-1563; Fax: +33-556-90-0278.
Received: 31 July 2012; in revised form: 4 September 2012 / Accepted: 11 September 2012 /
Published: 20 September 2012
Abstract: Opiate withdrawal is followed by a protracted abstinence syndrome consisting
of craving and physiological changes. However, few studies have been dedicated to both
the characterization and understanding of these long-term alterations in post-dependent
subjects. The aim of the present study was to develop an opiate dependence model, which
induces long-lasting behavioral changes in abstinent rats. Here, we first compared the
effects of several protocols for the induction of opiate dependence (morphine pellets,
repeated morphine or heroin injections) on the subsequent response to heroin challenges
(0.25 mg/kg) at different time points during abstinence (3, 6, 9 and 18 weeks). In a second
set
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