原创力文档rise of the earliest tetrapods an early devonian origin from marine environment最早崛起的四足动物起源早泥盆世从海洋环境.pdfVIP
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rise of the earliest tetrapods an early devonian origin from marine environment最早崛起的四足动物起源早泥盆世从海洋环境
Rise of the Earliest Tetrapods: An Early Devonian Origin
from Marine Environment
1 2
David George *, Alain Blieck
´ ´ `
1 Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2 Universite Lille 1, Sciences de la Terre, FRE 3298 du CNRS Geosystemes,
Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
Abstract
Tetrapod fossil tracks are known from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian at ca. 397 million years ago - MYA), and their earliest
bony remains from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian at 375–385 MYA). Tetrapods are now generally considered to have
colonized land during the Carboniferous (i.e., after 359 MYA), which is considered to be one of the major events in the
history of life. Our analysis on tetrapod evolution was performed using molecular data consisting of 13 proteins from 17
species and different paleontological data. The analysis on the molecular data was performed with the program TreeSAAP
and the results were analyzed to see if they had implications on the paleontological data collected. The results have shown
that tetrapods evolved from marine environments during times of higher oxygen levels. The change in environmental
conditions played a major role in their evolution. According to our analysis this evolution occurred at about 397–416 MYA
during the Early Devonian unlike previously thought. This idea is supported by various environmental factors such as sea
levels and oxygen rate, and biotic factors such as biodiversity of arthropods and coral reefs. The molecular data also strongly
supports lungfish as tetrapod’s closest living relative.
Citation: George D, Blieck A (2011) Rise of the Earliest Tetrapods: An Early Dev
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