seasonality in human zoonotic enteric diseases a systematic review季节性人类人畜共患肠道疾病系统回顾.pdfVIP

Seasonality in Human Zoonotic Enteric Diseases: A Systematic Review 1 1 2 1 Aparna Lal *, Simon Hales , Nigel French , Michael G. Baker 1 Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 2 Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand Abstract Background: Although seasonality is a defining characteristic of many infectious diseases, few studies have described and compared seasonal patterns across diseases globally, impeding our understanding of putative mechanisms. Here, we review seasonal patterns across five enteric zoonotic diseases: campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, vero-cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the context of two primary drivers of seasonality: (i) environmental effects on pathogen occurrence and pathogen-host associations and (ii) population characteristics/behaviour. Methodology/Principal Findings: We systematically reviewed published literature from 1960–2010, resulting in the review of 86 studies across the five diseases. The Gini coefficient compared temporal variations in incidence across diseases and the monthly seasonality index characterised timing of seasonal peaks. Consistent seasonal patterns across transnational boundaries, albeit with regional variations was observed. The bacterial diseases all had a distinct summer peak, with identical Gini values for campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis (0.22) and a higher index for VTEC (Gini = 0.36). Cryptosporidiosis displayed a bi-modal peak with spring and summer highs and the most marked temporal variation (Gini = 0.39). Giardiasis showed a relatively small summer increase and was the le