understory bird communities in amazonian rainforest fragments species turnover through 25 years post-isolation in recovering landscapes片段的林下叶层鸟社区的亚马逊热带雨林物种通过25年营业额post-isolation风景中恢复.pdfVIP

Understory Bird Communities in Amazonian Rainforest Fragments: Species Turnover through 25 Years Post- Isolation in Recovering Landscapes Philip C Stouffer1,4*, Erik I. Johnson1,4, Richard O. Bierregaard Jr.2,4, Thomas E. Lovejoy3,4 1 School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America, 2 Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 The Heinz Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United ˆ ˆ States of America, 4 Projeto Dinamica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil Abstract Inferences about species loss following habitat conversion are typically drawn from short-term surveys, which cannot reconstruct long-term temporal dynamics of extinction and colonization. A long-term view can be critical, however, to determine the stability of communities within fragments. Likewise, landscape dynamics must be considered, as second growth structure and overall forest cover contribute to processes in fragments. Here we examine bird communities in 11 Amazonian rainforest fragments of 1–100 ha, beginning before the fragments were isolated in the 1980s, and continuing through 2007. Using a method that accounts for imperfect detection, we estimated extinction and colonization based on standardized mist-net surveys within discreet time intervals (1–2 preisolation samples and 4–5 post-isolation samples). Between preisolation and 2007, all fragments lost species in an area-dependent fashion, with loss of as few as ,10% of preisolation species from 100-ha fragments, but up to 70% in 1-ha fragments