the theory and practice of genetically engineered crops and agricultural sustainability理论和实践的转基因作物和农业可持续发展.pdfVIP

Sustainability 2011, 3, 847-874; doi:10.3390/su3060847 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article The Theory and Practice of Genetically Engineered Crops and Agricultural Sustainability David E. Ervin 1,2,3,*, Leland L. Glenna 4 and Raymond A. Jussaume Jr. 5 1 Environmental Science and Management Program, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA 2 Department of Economics, 1721 SW Broadway, Cramer Hall, Suite 241, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA 3 Institute for Sustainable Solutions, P.O. Box 751, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA 4 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA; E-Mail: llg 13@ 5 Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Room 107B Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; E-Mail: rajussaume@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: dervin@; Tel.: +1-503-725-3935; Fax: +1-503-725-3945. Received: 2 May 2011; in revised form: 7 June 2011 / Accepted: 7 June 2011 / Published: 17 June 2011 Abstract: The development of genetically engineered (GE) crops has focused predominantly on enhancing conventional pest control approaches. Scientific assessments show that these GE crops generally deliver significant economic and some environmental benefits over their conventional crop alternatives. However, emerging evidence indicates that current GE crops will not foster sustainable c