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Chapter3 图像和视频中的颜色
Chapter 3
图像和视频中的颜色
南京工程学院计算机工程学院
徐梦溪
3.1 Color Science
3.1.1 Light and Spectra
Visible light （可见光）is an electromagnetic
wave （电磁波）in the 400nm - 700nm range.
Most light we see is not one wavelength, it’s a
combination of many wavelengths （波长）.
The profile above is called a spectra （光谱）.
3.1.2 The Human Eye
The eye is basically similar to a camera
It has a lens （晶状体）to focus light onto
the Retina （视网膜）of eye
Retina full of neurons
Each neuron is either a rod （杆状体）or
a cone （圆锥体）.
Rods （柱状细胞）are not sensitive to
colour.
3.1.3 Cones and Perception
Cones （视锥细胞）come in 3 types: red, green
and blue.
Each responds differently to various frequencies of
light.
The following figure shows the spectral-response
functions of the cones and the luminous-efficiency
function （发光效率函数）of the human eye.
3.1.4 Image Formation
Surfaces reflect different amounts of light
at different wavelengths. （物体表面在不同
的波长处所反射的光的能量是不同的）
Dark surfaces
reflect less
energy than
light surfaces.
（深色表面反射
的能量少于浅色
表面）
3.1.5 Gamma Correction
The light emitted is in fact roughly proportional
to the voltage raised to a power （电压的指数）,
this power is called gamma, with symbol .
(a) Thus, if the file value in the red channel is R,
the screen emits light proportional to , with
SPD （光谱能量分布）equal to that of the red
phosphor paint on the screen that is the target
of the red channel electron gun. The value of
gamma is around 2.2.
(b) It is customary to append a prime to signals
that are gamma-corrected （伽马校正）by raising
to the power before transmission. Thus we
arrive at linear signals （线性信号）:
3.1.5 Gamma Correction (Con
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