初一上册地理知识点（The first book of geographical knowledge）.docVIP

初一上册地理知识点（The first book of geographical knowledge） Earth and map 1. the shape and size of the earth The earth is a sphere. Portuguese navigator Magellan led the fleet for the first time to realize the human voyage around the earth for a week. The earth surface area is 510 million square kilometers, the biggest circumference is 40 thousand kilometers, the equatorial radius is 6378 kilometers, the polar radius is 6357 kilometers, and the average radius is 6371 kilometers. 2. parallels and meridians Latitude: a circle perpendicular to the earths axis and circling the earth for one week. The parallels are unequal, and the equator is the largest parallel. A semicircle connected to the north and south poles and intersecting perpendicular to the equator. The warp is equal length. 3. latitude and longitude The change law of latitude is that the equator (0 degrees latitude) increases to the South and North poles. The greatest latitude is 90 degrees, at the South Pole and the North pole. The north of the equator latitude is called latitude, with N; south of the equator latitude is called latitude, with S. To the equator as the boundary, the earth is divided into the average South and north two hemispheres, north of the equator is the northern hemisphere, south of the equator is the southern hemisphere. The variation of longitude: from the prime meridian (0 degrees of longitude West to East), increasing to 180 The prime meridian east longitude called east longitude, with E; west of the prime meridian of longitude West, with W. The East, the Western Hemisphere division is 20 ~ W, 160 ~ E composed of the meridian circle. 20 degrees W, West to 160 degrees E, belongs to the western hemisphere (greater than 20 degrees W or greater than 160 degrees E) 20 degrees W, east to 160 degrees E, belonging to the eastern hemisphere (less than 20 degrees W or less than 160 degrees E) 4. movement of the earth 1. Earth motion: Revolution / revolution Turn around: the earths axis / the sun Dire