商务英语阅读课件 对外经济贸易大学.ppt

* * * * * * * * Supplementary Information Trade Agreements GATT, WTO, EU and NAFTA Trade Agreements Globalization Increasing flows of trade and investment are integrating the global economy. Trade and investment agreements are creating a global legal system. Governments seek to capture trade and investment flows and the economic benefits of participating in globalization by becoming members of trade agreements. Trade Agreements and Global Business Strategy The goal of business strategy is to allow the firm to achieve its goals in an unpredictable environment. Trade agreements reduce uncertainty and enhance predictability of the laws governments impose on foreign firms. The reduction of barriers to international business expand the firm’s strategic options. Strategies affected by trade agreements Sourcing and manufacturing of goods Pricing strategies anti-dumping duties Technology transfer intellectual property Market entry strategies foreign investment restrictions trade barriers personnel transfer * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 1 Government and Trade Background Information 无论是亚当?斯密的绝对成本论和大卫?李嘉图的比较成本论，还是赫克歇尔和俄林的要素禀赋论，都认为实行自由贸易能够增进全人类的利益，对各国均有好处。但是在现实中，各国却坚持民族利益高于一切，况且自由贸易的基本假定与当今世界经济的垄断竞争市场和规模经济递增的现实完全不符。 Background Information International trade takes place within the framework of agreements worked out by countries in the World Trade Organization (WTO), formerly known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Over the last 50 years trade barriers have been coming down and free trade, open borders and deregulation now form the ideal for almost all nations, even if the situation is far from one of complete laisser-faire, with no government intervention. Background Information Trade negotiations are well-known for their epic eleventh-hour negotiating sessions, where individual nations argue for what they see as their specific interests. Countries argue for protection of their strategic industries, ones they consider vita