有色金属低温碱性熔炼理论与方法-有色金属科学与工程.docVIP

有色金属低温碱性熔炼理与方法 410083） 摘要：低温碱性熔炼是一种有色冶金高效清洁生产方法，可处理复杂难处理原生资源和二次资源等了该方法的相关理论发展概况和具有金属直收率高、环保、节能等优点，应用前景。 关键词：低温碱性熔炼；清洁冶金； Fundamental and approach of low temperature alkaline smelting in non-ferrous metallurgy GUO Xueyi; LIU Jingxin; TIAN Qinghua; LI Dong （School of Metallurgical Science Engineering , Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） Abstract: Low temperature alkaline smelting is an effective cleaner product method in non-ferrous metallurgy, especially in the separation and extraction of complex resources and secondary resources. Low temperature alkaline smelting was divided to direct smelting, oxidizing smelting and reducing smelting according to the different system. The basic fundamental, development status and applications of this process were introduced and summarized. The recovery of valuable metals from waste printed circuit board (wPCB), aluminum dross, the smelting process of bismuth concentrate, antimony concentrate, lead concentrate, regenerated lead, and complicated metal resources, and the preparation of silicon dioxide and zinc oxide were expounded in detail. Great advantages were indicated, such as high straight yield, environmental protection, energy saving, etc. The broad development prospects of low temperature alkaline melting were provided. Key words: low temperature alkaline smelting; cleaner metallurgy; non-ferrous metal; complicated metal resources 1引言 低温碱性熔炼由前苏联科学家З.А. Сериковым于1948年提出]，是指以碱性介质，在冶炼温度下一般00℃）熔炼，得到金属单质或可溶盐的过程具有金属直收率高、环保等诸多优点。近年来，我国冶金者低温碱性熔炼技术-]从硼精矿、红土镍矿、粉煤灰等结构复杂的资源中制备高纯材料，郭学益等[,]废弃电路板及铝灰中金属，实现二次资源循环利用，唐谟堂等[,]处理铅、铋等硫化精矿属复杂多相反应过程熔炼，不产生熔融渣，有液、固两相存在，具有湿法冶金的特性熔炼过程的液态相包括熔盐与液态金属两相。2基本原理 低温碱性熔炼过程中，物料与熔融碱添加剂作用发生反应，得到所需金属盐或单质。常见的碱和添加剂为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠及钾盐、钠盐，但由于钾产品价格远高于钠产品价格，选用钠。 根据熔炼体系的不同，可将低温碱性熔炼分为氧化熔炼还原熔炼。目前，氧化熔炼研究集中在铝灰、废弃电路板等二次资源的回收利用，还原熔炼主要用于处理铋精矿、铅精矿等原生硫化矿反应生成可溶性钠盐的性质，以实现从成分复杂的原料中选择性提取两性金属氧化物低温氧化熔炼 氧化熔炼处理金属单质或合金时，除NaOH外还需加入氧化剂NaNO3NaNO3分解过程产生Na2O、高活性[O]及N2、O2，反应如下： 5Me+2NaNO3+8NaOH=5Na2MeO2+4H2O+N2 1