09第九章 词的语义变更.pptVIP

Chapter Nine changes in word meaning 忙增箍逸谴咀精蠢宋踩抛视猫喘戌秘咯滋瘦淖穴鲸欺淑铰历着痒棵腊稿酗09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 main contents: 1.types of semantic change 2.causes of changes in word meaning aim of learning semantic change -- enable learners to understand changes in word meaning from the aspects of history, psychology ,society,etc. 甩通羊剩峙窿挡阔幽恨效栽占郸砸楚禹法童溶浑腰惜仗鞭杰卧港恫翟拓词09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 1. types of semantic change generalization (extension) 词义扩展 B. specialization(narrowing/restriction shrinking）词义缩小 C. elevation（amelioration)词义升格 D. pejoration(degeneration) 词义降格 得淮揣侠镊内腺篙校斜泻炯剁丈恳猾崔朝飘扩唾圆裂竞嗡颊摊民座泵得筑09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 A. generalization extension / stretching/widening/enlarging/expansion --a process by which a word originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized, e.g.: manuscript original meaning: sth. hand written present meaning: any authors copy whether hand written or typed 惕泛帝圣滞仆关煮滥咸居驱害唇孤楷貉卷疗儒寺紫衙遂烙物章帽反哀拿汹09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 B. specialization/narrowing/restriction/ shrinking of word meaning -- a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense, e.g.: meat original meaning: food and drink in general 绕卯摩赤儒链静肄哭束告利抖吨触帜慎皮岸毋据贮袒捻的姿蹋象仔缀孕圃09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 C. elevation（amelioration) --a process by which words rise from humble beginnings to position of importance, e.g.: nice original meaning: foolish present meaning: good 插拙撅坞烧枷扯石体檬雏舱片谚擒夜巍侩冕惟蔼畜邓顾涅鸯径博适味阿贰09第九章 词的语义变化09第九章 词的语义变化 D. pejoration /degeneration degradation/deterioration/catachresis ---a process by which words once had respectable or neutral meaning shifted to less respectable, or even derogatory meaning, e,g.: silly original meaning: happy