稻—油免耕复种连作施肥模式和减量施肥效应探究.docVIP

稻—油免耕复种连作施肥模式和减量施肥效应探究 　　摘要：为了建立适合湖北省稻-油复种连作制度的高产、高效和保护性、环保型生产技术体系， 2008-2010年在安陆市棠棣镇开展了水稻-油菜复种连作双免耕秸秆还田系统作物合理施肥模式及减量施肥效应试验。结果表明，在相同施肥量和基肥追肥比例条件下两种作物产量随追肥次数的增加而提高；水稻在返青期、分蘖初期和拔节期进行3次追肥，可促进分蘖成穗、幼穗分化以及子粒灌浆充实而实现水稻高产；油菜在间苗、定苗后及12月上中旬进行3次追肥，可促进角果和子粒的形成及子粒充实而实现油菜高产；在当前习惯施肥水平基础上水稻氮、磷肥减量8%～10%、油菜氮磷钾肥减量9%～10%，如实行3次追肥模式可获得高于或相当于当前习惯施肥模式的经济产量和生产效益，从而达到增产增收和节本目的，并可降低农田受化肥污染的风险。 关键词：稻-油复种；免耕；秸秆还田；施肥模式；施肥效应 中图分类号：S511.48；S565.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2013）20-4870-05 Studies on Modes of Fertilization and the Effects of Fertilization Reduction in Minimum-Tilled Double Cropping System of Rice-Oilseed Rape WANG Ji-an1，WEI Zong-lin2，YANG Te-wu3，ZHANG Si-song4，WU Jiang-sheng3，XU Zu-hong2， FEI Hua-ping2，LI Xiao-feng2，LIU Yu-peng2 （1.Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xiaogan 432000， Hubei， China； 2.Anlu Agricultural Bureau， Anlu 432600， Hubei， China； 3. College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China； 4. General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430070， China） Abstract： In order to establish a high-yield， efficient and conservational and environment-friendly fertilization technology for double-cropping system of rice-oilseed rape in Hubei province， appropriate fertilization modes and the effects of fertilization reduction under the conditions of minimum tillage and straw mulch were studied in Tangli township， Anlu city from 2008 to 2010. The results showed that the yield of these two crops was raised by increasing the frequency of topdressing without changing the fertilization amount and the base to dressing ratio. High yield of rice was achieved by topdressing three times during the stage of returning green early tillering and jointing， which can promote tiller-earing， young spike differentiation and grain filling. For high yield of oilseed， topdressing three times after seedling thinning and final singling and during the early or middle of December can enhance t