从“鸡不拢鸭”到族际通婚.docVIP

从“鸡不拢鸭”到族际通婚 　　【摘 要】岭南瑶族的族内婚习俗由来已久。直至民国时期，广西大瑶山的某些瑶族族系依然用“鸡不拢鸭”的俗语来表达他们对族际通婚的态度，并通过“石牌制度”将族际通婚禁忌加以制度化。但近年来抽样调查数据和民政部门的统计数据却表明，大瑶山各民族之间的通婚率已达到相当高的水平。本文根据对问卷数据、深入访谈资料和相关文献的分析，认为民族平等政策的实施、各民族之间社会经济地位差距的缩小是导致广西大瑶山瑶族的婚姻观念嬗变以及族际通婚现象不断增多的重要原因。 　　【关键词】族际通婚；民族关系；广西金秀 　　【作 者】梁茂春，广州市暨南大学社会学研究所副教授。广州，510632 　　【中图分类号】C95 　　【文献标识码】A 　　【文章编号】1004-454X(2007)03-0087-008 　　 　　Form “the Gap between Chickens and Ducks”to the Ethnical Intermarriage 　　――Analyzing the causes of the tradition of the ethnical internal marriage of the Yao ethnic group in the Yao mountain 　　Liang Maochun 　　Abstract：The tradition of the ethnical internal marriage of the Yao ethnic group in Lingnan had been for a long time. Until the period of People?s Democracy of China，some Yao clans in the Yao mountain of Guangxi had still adopted a common saying “the gap between chicks and ducks”to express their attitude to the ethnical intermarriage. They also passed though “the stone cards institution”in order to regulate the taboo of the ethnical intermarriage. But in the late years，the intermarriage rate among the different ethnic groups has reached the quite high level. It is the important reason that the policies of the equality of every ethnic group have been promulgated and practiced，the differences of the social and economic position of every ethnic group have been contracted and so on，leads the marriage concept of the Yao ethnic group in the Yao mountain of Guangxi to change，and leads the phenomena of the ethnical intermarriage to increase. 　　Key words：ethnical intermarriage；ethnical relationship 　　 　　民国时期广西金秀大瑶山瑶族依然盛行族内婚的习俗。上个世纪30至40年代，唐兆民在金秀茶山瑶的中心居住地调查时，曾询问为什么瑶女不肯嫁给汉族男子的理由，无论男女老幼都用“鸭不配鸡”来答复。①在瑶族的石牌文献中，对族际通婚蔑视和抵制的文字也并不鲜见。不仅是盘瑶中流传甚广的《过山榜》禁止汉瑶通婚，民国时期的《金秀大瑶山全瑶石牌律法》 (又称为《三十六瑶石牌法律》)也有相似的规定。这种通婚的壁垒不仅存在于瑶族与汉族、壮族之间，也存在于瑶族内部“山主”(又称为“长毛瑶”，包括茶山瑶、坳瑶和花蓝瑶三个族系)与“山丁” (又称为“过山瑶”，包括盘瑶和山子瑶两个族系)之间。②瑶族的族际通婚禁忌反映了历史上瑶族与汉族及其他少数民族之间、瑶族各族系之间相互隔离的社会交往关系。那么，随着时代的变迁，这种状况是否已经有所改变?瑶族对族际通婚的态度是否依然如故?带着这些问题，笔者于2002年在广西金秀大瑶山开展了近5个月的调