大同思想不是孔子的教育思想,而是汉儒的教育思想.docVIP

大同思想不是孔子的教育思想,而是汉儒的教育思想 　　摘要:儒家和近现代许多思想家、学者都把大同思想视为孔子的社会政治理想和教育思想。笔者认为,大同思想不是孔子的思想,而是西汉时期的儒家思想。理由是:提出大同思想的《礼运》是《礼记》中的一篇,《礼记》是战国至西汉初儒者的作品,通篇显现出战国、秦汉时期人的思想和语言文字印迹,绝非春秋时期人所能作。大同思想的核心是“天下为公”,孔子生活的时代,“公”是指“诸侯”或“公田”,绝非“财产公有”、“天下为公”之概念。孔子的政治理想是要维护西周的等级私有制度和文化,不可能否定“私有”而产生“公有”思想。只有在秦末农民大起义之后,人民提高了阶级觉悟,才有可能从他们中间和个别知识分子中间产生“天下为公”的大同思想。 　　关键词:《礼运》 大同思想 孔子 汉儒 　　The Datong thought is not Kong Zi?s education thought,but is the Chinese Confucian?s education thought 　　Chen De?an 　　Abstract:The Confucianist and near modern many thinkers,the scholars all regard as the Datong thought Kong Zi?s social politics ideal and the education thought.The author believed that,the Datong thought is not Kong Zi?s thought,but is the Western Han Dynasty time Confucianist thought.The reason is:Proposed the Datong thought “Ritual Transports” is “Ritual Records” one,“Ritual Records” is the Warring States to the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty Confucian scholar?s work,passes to appear the Warring States,the the Qin and Han Dynasty time person?s thought and the language and writing signature,certainly not the Spring and Autumn Period time person can do.The Datong thought core is “the world belongs to all”,Kong Zi lives the time,“male” is refers to “the feudal lord” or “the public land”,certainly not “property public”,“world belongs to all” concept.Kong Zi?s political ideal is must maintain Western Zhou Dynasty?s rank private system and the culture,not impossible to deny “privately” has “publicly” the thought.Only then revolts greatly after at the end of the Qin farmer,the people enhance the social class to come to understand,only then has the possibility from them middle and the individual intellectual middle production “the world belongs to all” Datong thought. 　　Keywords:“Ritual Transports” The Datong thought Kong Zi Chinese Confucian 　　【中图分类号】G641【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1009-9646(2009)09-0055-04 　　 　　儒家大同思想的提出,最早出自汉宣帝时戴圣删定的《礼记#8226;礼运》篇,其纲领内容如下: 　　大道之行也,天下为公,选贤与(举)能,讲信修睦。故人不独亲 　　其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终