respiratory terminology医学英语.pptVIP

Respiratory System Wu Xiaohong Pulmonary division,internal department Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Functions of the Respiratory System Breathing process Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Enable speech production Internal Respiration All cells require oxygen for metabolism All cells require means to remove carbon dioxide Gas exchange at cellular level External Respiration Ventilation exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere Gas Exchange in pulmonary capillaries Breathing largely involuntary activity Structures of Respiratory System upper respiratory tract nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea lower respiratory tract bronchial tree and lungs Nose nasal cavity nasal septum mucous membrane mucus cilia olfactory receptors Pharynx Nasopharynx adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils oropharynx palatine tonsils laryngopharynx larynx Epiglottis oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as a common passageway for both food and air epiglottis acts as a lid or flap that covers the larynx and trachea (airway) so food does not enter the lungs. Larynx voice box larynx/o glottis (vocal apparatus) vocal bands or vocal cords Trachea Windpipe or airway mucous membrane lining with cilia smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings divides into two branches: bronchi no gaseous exchange Bronchi Bronchus, singular c-shaped cartilage rings with smooth muscle each bronchi divides into bronchioles terminate in air sacs called alveoli Bronchoscope: An Overview Thoracic Cavity thoracic thorax mediastinum heart aorta esophagus bronchi thymus Alveoli air sacs alveolar wall membranes one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries gaseous exchange takes place here Pleura each lung enclosed in pleura parietal pleura (inner) visceral pleura (outer) pleural space or pleural cavity lubricating fluid Diaphragm muscle separating chest and abdomen inspiration, diaphragm contracts and increases thoracic space air flows in expiration, diaphragm relaxes and decreases thoracic space air flows out phre