中考必备语法 动词的被动语态.doc

中考必备语法 动词的被动语态 二、考点跟踪解读 1.理解动词的语态在不同语境中的应用和结构变化。 2.掌握相应的谓语动词变化形式和常用结构。 3.掌握主动语态和被动语态之间的相互转化。 4.掌握一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。语态主谓之间的关系。英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）　被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化1.一般现在时：+ 及物动词的过去分词English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。2.一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词　　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。　　3.现在完成时：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词　　 Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。　4.一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。.现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.及物动词的过去分词This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词　Your homework be handed in tomorrow. 明天必须交上你的作业。 被动语态的一般疑问句，须将第一个助动词移至主语之前构成。否定句须在助动词之后加not。如： 肯定句：The letter is written in English. 否定句：The letter isn’t written in English. 一般疑问句：Is the letter written in English? （二）被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。2.当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。　The room hasn’t been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。主动语态变为被动语态1．主动语态变为被动语态的步骤（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语如果主动句的宾语是代词，将其由宾格变为主格。　Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为be+过去分词be的形式。 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. You must lock the door when you leave.→The door must be locked when you leave. 　（3）将主动语态的主语改为如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 　2主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项Mother made her stay at home last Sunday.→She was made to stay at home last Sunday. （2）双宾语要变人，变物要加to 或fo