Language Maintenance and Shift语言维护和移.ppt

LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE SHIFT LANGUAGE SOCIETY WHEN ONE LANGUAGE MEETS THE OTHER LANGUAGE SHIFT Migrant minorities Migrant minorities The language shift of 2nd-generation immigrants If you don’t want to be part of us… Debate Rages On Over English Only Policies Migrant majority Migrant majority Colonization The colonial powers impose their languages on the colonies. Colonization More Population Colonization The Dominant Culture Case: The Isle of Man The official language of the Isle of Man is English, while?Manx Gaelic?has also had official status since 1985.?Manx has traditionally been spoken but is now considered critically endangered. Manx has been officially recognised as a legitimate?regional language. ? Manx is closely related to the?Irish language?and?Scottish Gaelic. (/wiki/Isle_of_Man#Language) Case: The Isle of Man Why is there a language shift on the island? Factors contributing to language shift Economic, social, and political factors Job opportunities See no reason to maintain L1 Migrant majority Non-migrant communities Language shift due to political, economical and social changes LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE Demographic factors Where people live Rural areas vs. urban areas. The size of the group Spanish in the US. Chinatowns. Attitudes and values Positive attitude slows down the language shift. A symbol of ethnic identity The father in ‘My Fat Greek Wedding’ explaining the root of any word is Greek. /watch?v=2ALrm3nDGXI An internationally recognized language slows down the speed of shift French-Quebec LANGUAGE DEATH LOSS Language death and loss When all people of a language die, the language dies too. Endangered languages Why is it an issue? A language carries the cultural heritage of its speakers. Examples Language Death: A Problem for All By David Crystal /6677955/ How a minority language can be maintained It is a symbol of group identity. The degree and frequency of contact with the the home group. Social factor may help. Extend