爱默生英文简介.docx

Ralph Waldo Emerson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchRalph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo EmersonFull nameRalph Waldo EmersonBornMay 25, 1803(1803-05-25)Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.DiedApril 27, 1882(1882-04-27) (aged 78)Concord, Massachusetts, U.S.Era19th century philosophyRegionWestern PhilosophySchoolTranscendentalismMain interestsIndividualism, MysticismNotable ideasSelf-reliance, Over-soulInfluenced by[show]Michel de Montaigne, Henry David Thoreau, Emanuel Swedenborg, Hegel, PlatoInfluenced[show]Friedrich Nietzsche, William James, Henry David Thoreau, émile Armand, Emma Goldman, Harold BloomSignatureRalph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled The American Scholar in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. considered to be Americas Intellectual Declaration of Independence.[1]Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays – Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844 – represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essays as Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Circles, The Poet and Experience. Together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emersons most fertile period.Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas su