复变函数z1n的多值性问题及其教学意义.docVIP

复变函数z1/n的多值性问题及其教学意义 赵书霞 高磊 田宇 王彦洁 大连理工大学物理与光电工程学院 大连科技学院实验中心 X 关注成功！ 加关注后您将方便地在 我的关注中得到本文献的被引频次变化的通知！ 新浪微博 腾讯微博 人人网 开心网 豆瓣网 网易微博 摘????要： 本文针对数学物理方法课程中复变函数z1/n的多值性问题, 采用两种方法证明了z1/n只有n个不同的独立值, 弥补了大多教材只给结论, 忽略推倒的不足, 帮助学生理清复变函数多值性与复数指数表示式中三角函数部分周期性的关系, 为学生以后学习留数定理和孤立奇点等相关知识点扫清障碍, 最后在笛卡尔坐标系里用矢量图像进一步展示了z1/n的多值性. 关键词： 数学物理方法; 复变函数; 复数指数表达式; 三角函数周期性; 作者简介：赵书霞 (1980-) , 女 (汉族) , 河北邯郸人, 副教授, 博士, 研究方向:等离子体物理。 收稿日期：2017-08-30 Multiple Value Problem of Complex Function z1/n and Its Teaching Significance ZHAO Shu-Xia GAO Lei TIAN Yu WANG Yan-Jie School of Physics and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Experiment Center, Dalian Institute of Science and Technology; Abstract： This paper is aimed at analyzing the multiple value property of complex function z1/n in the curriculum of mathematical physics methods. Two methods are devised to prove that totally n independent roots exist for the function z1/n, in order to make up the deficiency that most reference books just give this conclusion, but neglect the relevant proving process. This work can help students to clarify the relationship between the multiple value property of complex functions and the periodicity of trigonometric function part in the exponential expression of complex number.Meanwhile, it also paves the way for the students to learn new knowledge points, such as residue theorem, isolated singular points, and mathematical transformation etc., in the future. Last, we still demonstrate this multi-value trait of z1/nfunction in the Cartesian coordinate system by using vectors presentation of complex. Keyword： Mathematical Physics methods; Complex Function; Multiple value Exponential expression of Complex; Trigonometric function periodicity; Received： 2017-08-30 一、引言 设复数z (z不为0) 的表达式为z=x+iy=re, 其中θ为z的辐角, r为z的模, 则 其中n为整数. 当|k|≥n时, 辐角的取值只是在|k|n的基础上加减2π的整数倍, 不会再产生新的值, 故关于多值性的讨论, 只需令|k|n, 即 下面将用两种方法证明在该k的取值范围内, 有n个互不相同的值. 方法 (一) : , 对于确定的z来说, 上式等号右侧前半部分是定值, 故只需讨论k取不同值时后半部分的取值. 设k1,