第三章头部和第四章颈部(熊维宁).pptVIP

Surface representation of (1) maxillary sinus, (2) frontal sinus, (3) ethmoid sinus, (4) sphenoid sinus Exam the tenderness of frontal sinus and ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, 4 Mouth 1 Lips：red and blush are normal 2 Mucosa：pink, smooth and clean are normal. Abnormalities include hemorrhage, petechia, etc. 3 Teeth：dental caries, residual root, hypodontia, dentures 4 Gum：pink is normal, edema in periodontitis 5 Tongue (1) Dry tongue：serious dehydration, medication of atropine (2) Enlarged tongue：glossitis, tumor, myxedema (3) Geographic tongue：deficiency of riboflavin (4) Wrikled tongue: deficiency of riboflavin (5) Strawberry tongue: fever (6) Beefy tongue: deficiency of nicotinic acid (7) Smooth tongue：iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, chronic atrophic gastritis (8) Hairy tongue (black tongue): fungal infection (9) Abnormal movement: deviation seen in hypoglossal paralysis, tremor seen in hyperthyroidism 6 Pharyngeal portion and tonsils Division of pharyngeal portion (1) Nasal pharynx: above the soft palate, behind the nasal cavity (2) Oral pharynx: under the soft palate, above the epiglottis. (3) Laryngeal pharynx: under the oral pharynx, connecting the laryngeal cavity (in its front) and the esophagus (under it) 1 soft palate 2 epiglottis Tonsils Degree of tonsils enlargement Ⅰo: not beyond the arcus pharyngopalatinus Ⅱo: beyond the arcus pharyngopalatinus, not beyond the middle line of posterior wall Ⅲo: beyond the middle line of posterior wall Acute inflammation Chronic inflammation: responsible for some recurrent fevers as an insidious focus 7 Larynx Below the Laryngeal pharynx, connecting the trachea under it, as a main vocal organ controlled by the superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve It will be taught in the subject of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS). 8 Smell of mouth No special smell is normal. Special smell can be caused by diseases in mouth or general diseases. 9 Parotid gland 腮腺 Location：In t