微观经济学课件chapter06章节.pptVIP

* 17 2 of 35 ? 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing ? Microeconomics ? Robert S. Pindyck, 8e. Chapter 6: Production * of 24 Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ? Microeconomics ? Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 8e. Prof. Qin ZHOU Prepared by: Production 6 C H A P T E R Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall ? Microeconomics ? Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 8e. 微 观 经 济 学 的 基 本 框 架 * * 请解释以下现象 这些事情我们为什么痛心疾首却又无可奈何？ 问题三：“富士康”的悲剧可以避免吗？ 问题四：中国农民为什么总是那么苦？ 请用生产者行为理论分析 * * 基本概念 消费者行为理论 效用最大化 等效用曲线 总效用 边际效用 边际效用递减规律 收入约束线 货币的边际效用 消费者均衡 生产者行为理论 产量最大化 等产量曲线 总产量 边际产量 边际报酬递减规律 成本约束线 边际成本 生产者均衡 * 目标、约束和均衡 消费者行为最优条件 目标：效用最大化 约束：收入约束 均衡条件： 生产者行为最优条件 目标：产量最大化 约束：成本约束 均衡条件： * 均衡的实现 最优目标： 支出一定， 产出最大； 产出一定， 支出最低。 MRTS=Px/Py E X Y 均衡点E点 等支出线的斜率 = 无差异曲线的斜率 A B C D 100 200 300 0 CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE 6.1 The Technology of Production 6.2 Production with One Variable Input (Labor) 6.3 Production with Two Variable Inputs 6.4 Returns to Scale Production The theory of the firm describes how a firm makes cost-minimizing production decisions and how the firm’s resulting cost varies with its output. The production decisions of firms are analogous to the purchasing decisions of consumers, and can likewise be understood in three steps: Production Technology Cost Constraints Input Choices The Production Decisions of a Firm THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION 6.1 The Production Function ● factors of production Inputs into the production process (e.g., labor, capital, and materials). Remember the following: Inputs and outputs are flows. Equation (6.1) applies to a given technology Production functions describe what is technically feasible when the firm operates efficiently. THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION 6.1 The Short Run versus the Long Run ● short run Period of time in which quantities of one or more production factors cannot be changed. ● fixed input Production factor that cannot be varied. ● long run Amount of time needed