3 Ruminant Digestive System (Mod) 大学动物营养学课件 英文版.pptVIP

Ruminant Digestive System Ruminants 2.8 billion domesticated ruminants Cattle, sheep, deer, elk, bison Pregastric fermentation Ability to chew cud at frequent intervals distinguishes true ruminant from other foregut fermenters Kangaroo, colobine monkey are not true ruminants Four compartment stomach Reticulum Rumen Omasum Abomasum Ruminants vary in size and habitat Classification of Ruminants by Feeding Preference Classes of ruminants Concentrate selectors Intermediate feeders Roughage grazers Concentrate Selecting Species Properties Evolved early Small rumens Poorly developed omasums Large livers Limited ability to digest fiber Classes Fruit and forage selectors Very selective feeders Duikers, sunis Tree and shrub browsers Eat highly lignified plant tissues to extract cell solubles Deer, giraffes, kudus Intermediate Feeding Species Properties Seasonally adaptive Feeding preference Prefer browsing Moose, goats, elands Prefer grazing Sheep, impalas Roughage Grazing Species Properties Most recently evolved Larger rumens and longer retention times Less selective Digests fermentable cell wall carbohydrates Classes Fresh grass grazers Buffalo, cattle, gnus Roughage grazers Hartebeests, topis Dry region grazers Camels, antelope, oryxes Mouth Lips range from short, relatively immobile in nonselective grazing species to very mobile (prehensile) in selective grazing or concentrate selecting species Chew in a lateral (grinding) motion on one side of mouth at a time Needed to increase surface area of feed particles Feed chewed primarily during rumination in grazing species Mouth - Teeth Function: Reduce particle size Anatomy: Upper dental pad Lower incisors Premolars Molars Mouth - Tongue Drinking, chewing and forming boluses Prehension of feed Covered with rough, hook-like papillae that assist in grasping feed Important in nonselective grazing species Taste buds More numerous than monogastric species More numerous on nonselective grazing species Believed that taste is prim