经济学资料（英文版）ch03.docVIP

CHAPTER 3 1. The slope of the production possibilities frontier is determined by the opportunity cost of producing one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. the market prices of the goods that the economy can produce. the distribution of incomes in the economy. whether production is performed using efficient or inefficient methods. ANSWER: a the opportunity cost of producing one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 2. The production possibilities frontier is a downward sloping straight line when the opportunity cost of producing each good depends on the amount produced. the technology of production is constant. the opportunity cost of producing each good is independent of the amount of the good produced. the economy is industrialized. ANSWER: c the opportunity cost of producing each good is independent of the amount of the good produced. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 3. In voluntary exchange between two countries, if one country gains then the other must lose, unless the exchange generates external costs. the other country must lose under any circumstances. the other country must lose an equal amount. there is no reason to expect that the other country must lose. ANSWER: d there is no reason to expect that the other country must lose. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 4. International trade tends to occur whenever labor is cheaper in one country than in another. one of the trading nations is self sufficient and producing surplus goods. one nation can profit from trade at the expense of the other. both nations can benefit from trade. ANSWER: d both nations can benefit from trade. TYPE: M KEY1: D SECTION: 1 OBJECTIVE: 1 RANDOM: Y 5. If Japan can produce each unit of steel using fewer resources than Canada does, Canada has an absolute advantage in steel production. Japan has an absolute advantage in steel production. Japan has a comparative a