生殖基本知识教程教学稿件.pptVIP

♂: Decondensation of the sperm nucleus in ooplasm 1). gametes nucleus decondensation DNA-Histone DNA-Protamine Sperm nucleus Y ♂: Decondensation of the sperm nucleus in ooplasm 1). gametes nucleus decondensation Sperm nucleus decondensation is independent of egg activation, whereas the transformation of a decondensed sperm nucleus to a pronucleus is dependent on egg activation Sperm nucleus decondensation is earlier than that of oocyte nucleus concept 2) Maternal to zygotic transition MZT: maternal to zygotic transition ZGA: zygotic gene activation or, embryonic genome activation. 由母体遗传的蛋白质和转录本直接发动的发育程序，被新的发育程序代替，新功能基因开始表达。 是胚胎继续发育必需的过程，高等动物比低等动物早 Biological functions of the maternal to zygotic transition 2) Maternal to zygotic transition To destroy oocyte-specific transcripts, such as that for the RNA binding protein MSY2 (占卵子总蛋白的2%，维持卵子中 mRNA的稳定) to replace maternal transcripts that are common to the oocyte and early embryo, e.g. actin, with zygotic transcripts to promote the dramatic reprogramming in the pattern of gene expression that is coupled with the generation of novel transcripts that are not expressed in the oocyte maternal mRNAs prior to genome activation 2). Maternal to zygotic transition By the mid murine two-cell stage, many embryonic genes are switched on. Coincidentally, much of the maternally inherited mRNA appears to be degraded rapidly, but maternally coded proteins can persist beyond this time. 2-细胞期的小鼠胚胎中， 90%的maternal mRNAs are degraded Time of genome activation 2). Maternal to zygotic transition mouse： 2-cell stage (Schultz, 1993) bovine, ovine and human：4- to 8-cell stages (Telford et al., 1990). 1-cell murine embryo is transcriptionally active and that RNA polymerase I, II and III are functional. Methylation reprogramming in preimplantation embryos 3). Genomic imprinting 黑：甲基化imprinted genes 红：母源的去甲基化的非印迹基因组 兰：父源的去甲基化的非印迹基因组 受精后，父源基因组(兰)的去甲基化机制马上激活。对于母源基因组（红）来说，去甲基化机制是被动的，依赖于