[外语学习]专四语法.doc

动名词（Gerund） 一、 特征 具有动词特征：可带宾语、状语、表语； At the meeting he stressed the importance of defeating their competitors. Getting up early is considered a good habit. He dreamed of becoming a pop singer. 有时态、语态变化 He insisted on his being assigned the mission. I know nothing about his having served in the army. 具有名词特征：可以充当主语、宾语与表语； 可以受形容词、代词、名词的修饰，可以前加冠词 There is no justification for the running away in such haste. All seems smooth sailing. What do you think of our class going out for an outing this weekend? 二、 功能 1. S Saying is easier than doing. His coming here will be a great help. Note: (1) use, good, pity, funny, nice, odd, worth, difficult, worth while作表语，可用it作形式主语 It’s no good writing to her. It’s no use waiting here. (2) there is no +G==It is impossible to do sth There is no accounting for tastes. There is no getting along with him. 2 P Her job was keeping the hall as clean as possible. Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. 3 O (1) O of the Vt He admitted taking the watch. I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education. 常用的这类动词有：admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, detest, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, quit, recall, recollect, resent, risk, resist, suggest, advise, allow, permit, recommend, acknowledge, require, resent, tolerate, favor 但在advise, allow, permit, recommend后，如果提到有关的人，则用不定式 He advised me to leave right now. They don’t allow us to park here. (2) O of the prep I’m looking forward to meeting her. He bribed the boss into taking him. She left without saying good-bye to us. His method of organizing the work is commendable. He hasn’t much experience in running factories. He felt like going out for a walk. A 以下结构中的to为介词，后跟动名词be used to, be opposed to, object to, with a view to, look forward to, devote… to, appeal to, assent to, allude to, amount to, adhere to, acc