[英语学习]the non-finite verbs.ppt

Non-finite Verbs Introduction: Do you know the girl who sits behind Tom? Do you know the girl sitting behind Tom? After he finished homework, he went out. Finishing homework, he went out. He stared at me as if he had seen me the first time. He stared at me as if seeing me the first time. It happened that he was passing there just then. He happened to be passing there just then. The Infinitive: 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 Formation of the infinitive: 1. Tense voice of the Infinitive 1) If the infinitive action is of the same time as or later than the principle action, the indefinite form is used. e.g. He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2) If the indefinite action takes place earlier than the principle action, the perfect form is used. e.g. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 　He seems to have caught a cold. 3) If the infinitive action is simultaneous with the principle action, the continuous form is used. e.g. He seems to be eating something. 4) If the infinitive action started in the past lasting to the moment of speaking, the perfect continuous form is used. e.g. She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 2. Use of the Infinitive 1)subject 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面 (the infinitive expresses a one-time, concrete or specific action)。 To be a doctor is my dream. Its so nice to hear your voice. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语. To give is to get. 2)object ①有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。（P187） The driver failed to see the other car in time. He offered to help me. ②有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。（P188） I like to keep everything tidy.　 I like you to keep everything tidy.　 I want to speak to Tom.　 I want you to speak to Tom.　 ③有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语 Please show us how to do that. 3) predicative My work is to clean the ro