重大版高二英语虚拟语气讲解.docVIP

动词的语气——虚拟语气讲解 虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！? If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 　　从? 句 　　主? 句 　　与现在事实相反 　　动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） 　　would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 　　与过去事实相反 　　had + 过去分词 　　would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 　　与将来事实相反 　　动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 　　would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 　　　　l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。 　　2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt??? (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。 　　3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should?? (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶????? 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。 　　4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 5．特殊虚拟语气句型 （1）.Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。 Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。 　　(2)如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 　　(3). I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……) 　　6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。 　　(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。) 　　(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my gr