《国际商务沟通》课件PPT 03 Getting to Know Another Culture.ppt

Getting to Know another Culture Asking Questions Category 1: Thinking and Knowing Category 2: Doing and Achieving Category 3: The Big Picture Asking Questions Theories about Understanding an Unfamiliar Culture Where Can Information about Cultures Be Found? Are Generalizations Productive or Perilous? Theories about Understanding an Unfamiliar Culture Geert Hofstede’s Five Dimensions Individualism versus collectivism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance versus uncertainty tolerance Masculinity versus femininity Long term orientation versus short term orientation (Michael Bond Contribution) Theories about Understanding an Unfamiliar Culture Fons Trompenaars’ Seven Dimensions Universalism versus particularism Individualism versus collectivism Neutral versus emotional Specific versus diffuse Achievement versus ascription Sequential versus synchronic Internal versus external control Theories about Understanding an Unfamiliar Culture Andre Laurent’s Four parameters Perceptions of the organization as political systems Authority systems Role formulation systems and Hierarchical relationship systems Theories about Understanding an Unfamiliar Culture 3 points How far the manager carries his/her status into the wider context outside the workplace The manager’s capacity to bypass levels in the hierarchy The manager as expert in contrast to the manager as facilitator Asking Questions Where Can Information about Cultures Be Found? To ask people who are members of the culture you want to understand. To ask people who has spent considerable time in that culture To found out what people of a culture say about themselves Print ads also reflect cultural values Studies by anthropologists Asking Questions Are Generalizations Productive or Perilous? Individual episodes can always be found to contradict generalizations about a culture There are also cultural paradoxes General insights you form about a culture from asking about cultural priorities will always need to be revised and