《操作系统概念Operating System Concepts》原配课件PPT-ch19 Real-Time Systems.pptVIP

Chapter 19: Real-Time Systems Chapter 19: Real-Time Systems System Characteristics  Features of Real-Time Systems Implementing Real-Time Operating Systems Real-Time CPU Scheduling VxWorks 5.x Objectives To explain the timing requirements of real-time systems To distinguish between hard and soft real-time systems To discuss the defining characteristics of real-time systems To describe scheduling algorithms for hard real-time systems Overview of Real-Time Systems A real-time system requires that results be produced within a specified deadline period. An embedded system is a computing device that is part of a larger system (I.e. automobile, airliner.) A safety-critical system is a real-time system with catastrophic results in case of failure. A hard real-time system guarantees that real-time tasks be completed within their required deadlines. A soft real-time system provides priority of real-time tasks over non real-time tasks. System Characteristics Single purpose Small size Inexpensively mass-produced Specific timing requirements System-on-a-Chip Many real-time systems are designed using system-on-a-chip (SOC) strategy. SOC allows the CPU, memory, memory-management unit, and attached peripheral ports (I.e. USB) to be contained in a single integrated circuit. Bus-Oriented System Features of Real-Time Kernels Most real-time systems do not provide the features found in a standard desktop system. Reasons include Real-time systems are typically single-purpose. Real-time systems often do not require interfacing with a user. Features found in a desktop PC require more substantial hardware that what is typically available in a real-time system. Virtual Memory in Real-Time Systems Address translation may occur via: (1) Real-addressing mode where programs generate actual addresses. (2) Relocation register mode. (3) Implementing full virtual memory. Address Translation Implementing Real-Time Operating Systems In general, real-time operating systems must p