土木工程专业英语-中英文对照-unit9.pptVIP

Unit 9 第九单元Cracking Load and Ultimate Moment 开裂荷载和极限弯矩 教学目标 了解预应力梁在开裂荷载下的反应 了解有（无）粘结力的预应力构件的极限弯矩能力 熟悉预应力构件中的专业词汇 熟悉科技类文献中的常用句型 熟悉criterion (criteria)、modulus (moduli)、index (indices)的单复数区别；offset、counteract、against的含义；significant、yield的不同含义；conform to、compliance with的含义；be subject to、be subjected to的不同含义；predict、anticipate的用法；lightly、slightly、highly的不同含义。 It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line（压力线）for beams in the elastic range. This is a fundamental principle（规律）of prestressed construction. In a normal prestressed beam, this shift（移动）in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate（速度）, as（随着）the external load is increased, to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber. After the cracking load has been exceeded, the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied, and a significant（显著）increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon（预应力钢筋束）and the resultant concrete force begins to take place. This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases（停止）. The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter（其后）is offset（抵消）entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces, just as in reinforced-concrete construction. This fact, that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different, is very significant（重要的） and renders（使..变得）strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist. This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to（符合）a recognized（公认的）elastic design criterion. 已经显示作用在一根预应力梁上的外部荷载的变化会导致梁在弹性阶段时其压力线位置的变化。这是预应力结构的基本规律。在一根普通的预应力梁中，随着外力的增加，其压力线位置以一个相对均匀的速度不断移动直至受拉纤维形成开裂的位置。在已经超过开裂荷载后，随着附加荷载的施加，压力线移动的速度便会降低，且使预应力钢筋束中的应力和合成的混凝土力开始发生显著的增加。内部弯矩的作用不断变化直到所有压力线的移动都停止。其后施