生物膜对物质的通透和转运.ppt

* 第一篇 细胞生理学 第一章 生物膜的物质转运功能 第二章 细胞的兴奋 第三章 细胞间信息传递 第四章 肌细胞的收缩功能 第一章 生物膜的物质转运功能 from Berne Levy Principles of Physiology (4th ed) 2005 Chap. 1 Cellular Membranes and Trans-membrane Transport of Solutes and Water Cell membrane serves as a permeability barrier that allows the cell to maintain a cytoplasmic composition far different from the composition of the extracellular fluid. The membranes that enclose the various organelles divide the cell into discrete compartments and allow the localization of particular biochemical processes in specific organelles. Singer 流动镶嵌模型 Simple Diffusion via carriers Facilitated Diffusion Saturation: as the concentration of the transported compound is increased, the rate of transport at first increases, but eventually a concentrations reached after which the transport rate increases no further. Specificity: only molecules with the requisite chemical structure are transported. Competitive inhibition: structurally related molecules may compete for transport. water channel ion channels 叶公杼和詹裕农 Shaker钾通道 Ionic selectivity: Activation: voltage-gated, ligand-gated, mechanosensitive or background current channel 离子通道的随机活动 primary active transport has a direct link to metabolic energy, via pumps. Active Transport secondary active transport derives energy from the concentration gradient of another substance that is actively transported, via symporter or antiporter (exchanger). 钠钾泵