语言学导论幻灯片.pptVIP

Ambiguity structure ambiguity lexical ambiguity 4. Concord and government Concord: refers to the correspondence in morphological form or grammatical category of two or more linguistic items, indicating a specific syntactic relationship. Government: refers to the determination of the morphological form of one word by another. ▲ grammatical unit: a sentence is composed of different individual unit with grammatical meaning. These that can be substituted in a certain position of combination of units are usually taken as…. ▲ sentence: is a combination of words well arranged both syntactically and semantically so as to constitute a grammatically complete sense unit. declarative 陈述句 simple Sentence imperative 祈使句 or compound interrogative 疑问句 complex exclamatory 感叹句 compound complex Chapter seven semantics: meaning system of language The meanings of meaning Sense and reference Sense relations of words 1. Some views of meaning Naming theory: Plato a word is a name, a label (2) Conceptualism : Ogden Richards semantic triangle (3) Contentualism : Firth we shall know the word by the company it keeps. (4) Behaviorism : Bloomfield 2. The meanings of meaning lexical meaning/ grammatical meanings Types of lexical meaning: Leech A 类 Denotative meaning/ conceptual meaning: central factor in Linguistic communication B类 Associated meanings 联想意义 ① connotative meaning 内涵意义: refers to emotional association ② social or stylistic meaning: refers to different social contexts or circumstances ③ affective/ emotional meaning: expression of feeling and attitude of person. commendatory/derogatory meaning ④ collocative meaning ⑤ Thematic meaning : word order, syntactic structure ,