一-浙江师范大学非洲研究院.docVIP

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一-浙江师范大学非洲研究院

意识形态先行还是民生改善优先? ——冷战后西方“民主援非”与中国“民生援非”政策之比较﹡ 胡美 刘鸿武 【内容提要】20世纪90年代冷战结束以后,西方和中国对非洲的战略都有重大调整。西方把推行西式民主与价值观作为其对非战略的首要目标,把经济援助作为其在非推进西式民主的工具。中国则把扩大对非经贸合作、实现经济上的互利双赢作为对非战略调整的重点,通过改革援非的方式,形成了援助与经贸相结合的援非新政策。总体上看,西方意识形态优先的援助方式脱离了非洲当下的民生急需,成效不甚理想。中国经济优先的援非政策却因较为理性务实并给中非双方都带来了实利,从而获得了持续推进的动力。目前西方对非援助又进入了一个新调整期,意识形态优先的做法有所变化,中国对非援助也需要适时调整,努力完善对非援助战略。 【关键词】 民主援非;民生援非;中非关系;非洲发展 【作者简介】 胡美,浙江师范大学非洲研究院助理研究员,博士;刘鸿武,浙江省“钱江学者”特聘教授,浙江师范大学非洲研究院执行院长、博士生导师。(金华 邮编:321004) Ideology First or Livelihood Improvement First?——A Comparison between the “democracy aid to Africa” of the West and “livelihood aid to Africa” of China Hu Mei Liu Hongwu When the cold war ended in the 1990s,the West and China had a significant adjustment of their African strategy. The West democracy and values had been the priority target of the west countries, economical aid became a tool to put forward west democracy. On the contrary, China adjusted its aiding strategy to expand economic and cooperation on trade with Africa, and formed a new policy to Africa through this way. On the general, the result of West’s ideology first assistance is not very ideal because it separated from the peoples livelihood in Africa in urgent need of the moment; Overall, the ideology first of the west was out of the development needs of the peoples livelihood, the results are less than expected, the economic priority of china had been brought benefits and access to push forward the momentum because of a more rational and pragmatic to both China and Africa. At present, it’s time for the West to regulate its ideology first policy to Africa, it’s time to adjust and consummate the Chinese aid policy. 冷战结束后,西方奉行意识形态先行的“民主援非”方式,以经济援助为工具,在非洲强力推行西式民主与价值观。中国则奉行经济优先的援非政策,通过改革援非方式,形成了以改善民生、追求互利共赢为目标的“民生援非”方式。虽然目前要对这两种援助方式之优劣与得失做出结论性的看法并不容易,但从总体上看,西方意识形态优先的援助方式并未产生其预期的成效,而中国推行的发展优先、民生先行的援助政策则给中非双方都带来许多实实在在、符合双方需要的利益。因而冷战结束以来近二十年间,从总体上看,西方与中国在非洲的影响力呈现出此消彼长的趋势。 目前,西方国家纷纷在总结此前援非经验教训,探索更为适宜和有效的援非政策,特别是在2008年国际金融危机爆发后上台的美国奥巴马政府,其对非政策调整的步伐明显加快。西方国家对非洲政策的

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