BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS - Virginia Commonwealth University弗吉尼亚州立大学固体能带理论.pptVIP

Sound and Light Waves = periodic motion with amplitude frequency Types = transverse (light) longitudinal (sound) Sound = longitudinal pressure wave Production using a speaker, decibel loudness Light = transverse electromagnetic wave Reflection with planar/convex/concave mirrors Refraction with convex/concave lenses Eye and Eyeglasses Dispersion in Prisms/Rainbows Waves: Activity to Observe Two Wave Types There are two major types of waves: transverse (light) and longitudinal (sound). For a wave traveling horizontally, notice how the slinky coils move up/down for transverse waves and left/right for longitudinal waves. Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves: Amplitude and Frequency The amplitude A of a wave is the height of the wave from peak to peak (or trough). It is directly related to the volume of a sound wave. The frequency f of a wave is the inverse of its period T, which is the repeat time from peak to peak. A higher frequency sound wave has peaks that are closer together in time and has a higher pitch. How do the amplitude and frequency of the wave drawn above change with time? Sound: Sound vs. Light Sound and light both travel as waves, but they are VERY DIFFERENT phenomena. Sound is a longitudinal pressure wave, and light is a transverse electromagnetic wave. Why do we see lightning before hearing thunder? Sound: Longitudinal Waves Sound produces a periodic pressure variation in the air, where air molecules vibrate back and forth. Can you hear anything in outerspace (or in a vacuum)? Sound: Activity to Build a Speaker A loudspeaker converts an electrical signal into a sound signal. It uses an electromagnet (attached to a speaker cone) to convert a changing electrical current into a changing magnetic field. The electromagnet then interacts with a permanent magnet in the speaker, which causes the electromagnet (and speaker cone) to move back and forth. The motion of the speaker cone then creates sound pressure waves.