广东省大学生物理实验设计大赛预赛实验设计报告.docVIP

广东省大学生物理实验设计大赛预赛实验设计报告 参赛学生：李祥 叶宇嘉 史如亮 王甄洁 指导老师:曾育锋 彭力  基于Pockels效应的微小场强测量装置 摘要:本装置以LiNbO3的Pockels效应为基础，利用LiNbO3晶体的透射光强Ｉ 与晶体所处电场E的函数关系，通过测量透射光强Ｉ，对微小电场强度实现高精度测量。 关键词：电场强度；LiNbO3晶体；Pockels效应；透射光强 物理原理及分析 一、电光效应 电光介质的折射率n(E)是外加电场E的函数,可展开成泰勒级数 ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(1) 式中，；； 令,,r,g分别为线性（Pockels）和平方(Kerr)电光系数,则 ``````````````````````````````````````````(2) 二、介质隔离率 介质隔离率为，则 `````````````(3) 所以 `````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(4) 式中η=η(0) 三、Pockels效应 在无对称中心的介质中，式（2）和（4）中的第三项与第二项相比是可以忽略的，即 ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` (5) 四、各向异性介质的电光效应 各向异性介质的光学性质可用折射率椭球来表征: ,i,j=1,2,3```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(6) 式中是介质隔离率张量 的张量元。 当具有成分E1,E2,E3的一个稳态电场E被加到晶体上时，由于电光效应，?的9个张量元?ij变成了的函数，即,它可在E=0附近展开为泰勒级数： ````````````````````````````````````(7) 式中，; 式（7）是式（4）的广义式，系数｛rij｝为线性电光系数（Pockels系数），系数｛gijkl｝为平方电光系数（Kerr系数）。 对于无对称中心的各向异性介质即Pockels介质，式（7）可简化为``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(8) 式中ηij（0）是对角矩阵 五、LiNbO3的电光效应 LiNbO3属于Pockels介质，Pockels系数r=, LiNbO3在电场作用下的折射率n0(E)和ne(E)可通过如下方式求得: 如上图所示，当电场沿着光轴方向，即E=（0,0,E）时，由式（8）可得 ```````(9) 由式（6）可得 ````````````````````````(10) 这个折射率椭球的主轴方向不变，其寻常和非常折射率分别满足 ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(11) `````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(12) 因为在式（11）（12）中r13E和r33E项较小，所以可以使用近似 因此，由式（11）可得 所以 ``````````````````````````````````````(13) 同理，由式（12）可得 ``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(14) 这表明，当沿着LiNbO3的光轴方向加一个电场时，光轴方向并未改变，但是折射率按照式（13）和（14）发生了变化 六、LiNbO3所在处的电场强度E与透射光强Ｉ的对应关系 把LiNbO3放在电场中被测位置处，线偏振光到达该晶体，分解为o光和e光，两束光在晶体中沿不同光路传播，并产生相位延迟 ``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````(15) 式中， 为真空中的波矢，E为方向沿光轴方向的电场 式(15)可改写为``````````````````