10热力学第十章-Rv.1.pptVIP

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10热力学第十章-Rv.1

第十章 气体动力循环 For the rest of the semester.. Look at different cycles that approximate real processes You can categorize these processes several different ways Power Cycles vs Refrigeration Gas vs Vapor Closed vs open Internal Combustion vs External Combustion Power Cycles Subject of Chapters 10 and 11 Otto Cycle (奥图) Spark Ignition 内燃机 Diesel Cycle (狄赛尔) Brayton Cycle (布雷顿) Gas Turbine 燃气轮机 Rankine Cycle(朗肯) Vapor 蒸汽轮机 §10-1分析动力循环的一般方法 Real vs. Ideal 分析动力循环的一般方法 分析动力循环的一般方法 Ideal Cycles We’ll be using ideal cycles to analyze real systems, so lets start with the very important ideal cycle we’ve studied Ts diagram Pv Diagram And… Since it is a cycle Q-W=0 Q=W In addition, we know that the efficiency for a Carnot Cycle is: Carnot Cycle is not a good model for most things For example Internal combustion engine Gas turbine We need to develop a new model, that is still ideal 分析动力循环的一般方法 Air-Standard Assumptions Air continuously circulates in a closed loop and behaves as an ideal gas All the processes are internally reversible Combustion is replaced by a heat-addition process from the outside Heat rejection replaces the exhaust process Cold Air Standard Assumptions Also assume a constant value for Cp, evaluated at room temperature §10-2 活塞式内燃机实际循环的简化 四冲程柴油机的工作过程 四冲程柴油机的工作过程的简化 定压燃烧柴油机 定容燃烧汽油机,煤气机 §10-3 活塞式内燃机的理想循环 一、混和加热理想循环 一、混和加热理想循环 一、混和加热理想循环 活塞式柴油机的性能评估 二、定压加热理想循环 二、定压加热理想循环 三、定容加热理想循环 三、定容加热理想循环 三、定容加热理想循环 活塞式内燃机的应用 Increasing Compression Ratio Increases the Efficiency §10-4 活塞式内燃机各种理想 循环的热力学比较 一、压缩比相同、吸热量相同时的比较 The efficiency of the Otto cycle is always higher than the Diesel cycle Why use the Diesel cycle? Because you can use higher compression ratios 二、循环最高压力和最高温度相同时的比较 §10-6 燃汽轮机装置循环 燃气轮机装置定压加热理想循环-布雷顿循环 燃气轮机装置定压加热理想循环-布雷顿循环 燃气轮机装置定压加热理想循环-布雷顿循环 §10-6 燃汽轮机装置的定压加热实际循环 回忆: 回热(Regenerative heating) 燃汽轮机装置的定压加热-回热循环 实际回热循环 实际回热循环 有回热的情况下: 循环的净功不变; 吸热量q1和放热量q2减少 平均吸热温度上升; 平均放热温度下降 实际回热循环 采用回热的条件 值得注意的是,只有在压气机的增压比较小时回热措施对循环的热效率才会有较明显得影响; 在其它条件不变得情况下,随着增压

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