第四章 英译汉常用的方法和基本技巧(中)-长句的翻译.pptVIP

第四章 英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中);;1 　顺译法(obversing)　　顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,可适当增加或省略有关的连接词. 例如:　　;;;　2 　倒译法(reversing)　　有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译. 一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译.;(1) It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent . 如果世界经济真的以5 倍于现有的速度在增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知.;;;(1) The behaviorists maintain that ,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimulation as the basis of their behavior. :行为主义者坚信,人像机器一样,对环境的刺激作出反应,这是行为的基础. ;(2 ) A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.;;4 　插入法(inserting)　　 插入法就是利用破折号或括号把难以处置的句子成分插入到译句中. 破折号用于表示语流的中断、转折或跃进,也可以用于对文中的某一部分进行注释说明. 括号一般用于解释语意、补充说明,以及交代某一事实或引语的出处等. 但是插入法只是一种不得已而为之的变通手段,在段落翻译中不宜多用. 例如:;;5 　综合法(recasting) 有些英语长句顺译或倒译都不合适,分译也有困难,这时就应仔细推敲,或按时间先后,或按逻辑顺序,有顺有倒、有主有次地对全句进行综合处理.;;;(2) Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow , to reproduce and to survive.;能量是生态系统的货币,只有当食物变为能量,能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存,生命才成为可能.;(3) By the middle of the year , he warned , the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in then umber of land2based strategic missiles , the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid21960s , after the Cuban fiasco , to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.;他警告说,到本年年中苏联将在陆上发射的战略导弹的数量上超过美国,因为苏联在古巴事件中失败后,从60 年代中期起就大力发展导弹,目的是为了在核武器方面至少达到同美国均等,并力争超过美国.