计算机科学选讲第二章.pptVIP

Computer Science: an overview Content CPU What is a CPU? CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor CPU Consists of two parts: Arithmetic/Logic unit, Control unit Arithmetic/Logic unit: contains the circuitry that performs data manipulation. Control unit: contains the circuitry for coordinating the machines’ activities. Function of CPU be able to manipulate the data as directed by an algorithm CPU: Various chip packages Registers-1 What is Registers? In CPU, similar to main memory cells, for temporary storage of information. Kinds of Registers General-purpose registers Temporary holding places for data being manipulated by the CPU Special-purpose registers Temporary holding places for instructions , used by and in control unit, which consist of program counter and instruction register. Registers-2 Function of General-purpose registers? Hold the inputs to the arithmetic/logical unit’s circuitry and provide storage space for result produced by that unit. Control unit transfers data from main memory into general registers, informs the arithmetic/logic unit which registers hold the data to be dealt with and which register will receive the result data. Machine’s overall memory facilities Registers: hold the data immediately Main memory: hold the data that will be needed in the near future. Mass storage: hold data that will likely not be need in the near future. Registers-3 Cache memory In CPU, a section of high-speed memory with response time similar to that of Register. Function of cache memory To keep a copy of portion of main memory that is current interest. If a CPU has cache, data transfers between register and cache first, then transfer from cache to main memory at a more opportune time. BUS What is a BUS A collection of wire, which connect CPU , main memory and other devices (peripherals), is interface between them, called BUS. Function of BUS Through the BUS, the CPU extract (read) data from main memory by supplying the address of resource