初一语法复习将讲义.docVIP

一、名词 专有名词： 1.专有名词是指人、地方、称谓、机构、语言、国民、周日、月份、节日等的专有名称，第一个字母要大写，一般无复数形式，前面一般不加冠词。December 25 is Christmas Day（节日）. I graduated from Harvard University(机构) and I work in a company on Wall Street（地名）. 2. 有些专有名词，或在某种情形时的专有名词依然要有冠词。比如Chinese, English等国语名称之后有language时，前面用定冠词the。比较下面两句? Can you speak Chinese?No. The Chinese language is hard to learn. 3. 不定冠词a/an放在姓名之前表示与某名人类似的人。 I wish to become an Einstein 4. 专有名词用作单数普通名词。 Peter is very clever; perhaps he will be another Einstein. 5. 有些专有名词可用作复数普通名词，字尾要加-s或-es。 I always get up late on Saturdays. 名词的所有格： 所有格主要用于人和生物，单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s（以s结尾的只需在s后加’）构成所有格，主要用于有生命’s book China’s future 凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系。无生命名词的所有格可以这么用。a photo of my parents. the title of the novel 特殊情况，当所有格用于无生命的事物 时间的表现：ten minutes’ break; tomorrow’s weather 金额、距离、重量的表现：ten dollar’s; five meters’ distance 国名： Japan’s climate; the world’s population 二、代词 人称代词的格 主格 I we you he she it they 所有格（跟n） my our your his her its their 宾格 me us you him her it them 名词性物主代词mine ours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词 myself ourselves yourself himself herself itself themselves Many, (a)few 修饰可数名词 much (a)little 修饰不可数名词 Few little表否定 a few a little 表肯定 三、冠词 1用a / an 用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的一个。注意：可数的单数名词前，必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说 boy,? desk,? dog，而必须说 a boy / the boy. I gave him a book yesterday. I have got a ticket. 2、用thethe 相当于this/that 或these / those，总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the desk is mine. I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight oclock. “人名、地名、国名等专有名词前通常不用冠词但如后有定语修饰表特指，需加定冠词：He is not longer the Brown we knew ten years ago.街名、广场名、公园名、大学名等专有名词前通常不用冠词 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 He often comes late。often修饰动词comes The question is easy enough.enough修饰形容词easy She works very hard。very修饰副词hard 时间副词：now, then, soon, ago地点副词：常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down方式副词：表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quie