制度变迁的新古典过程.docVIP

制度变迁的新古典过程 ——技术因素对乡镇企业改制的影响 李鹏飞 郑江淮 南京大学商学院经济学系 南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心 Tel：025-3595211， E－mail：zhengjh@nju.edu.cn 南京市汉口路22号，邮编 210093 制度变迁的新古典过程 ——技术因素对乡镇企业改制的影响 内容提要 曾经取得过巨大成就的集体所有制乡镇企业为什么会改制？已有的研究对此的解释是：企业外部的制度环境发生了变化，这使得原来能有效地组织生产经营活动的“模糊的”的集体所有权安排无法继续发挥其功能。为了适应这一变化，集体所有制乡镇企业的所有权需要从地方政府转移给私人。但是，事实上，影响改制的行为主体的（预期的）改制成本和收益的要素，不仅有企业外部的制度环境，而且有企业内部的技术因素。本文试图抓住影响改制的成本和收益的技术因素。在此基础上，通过对改制的主要行为主体进行成本—收益分析，得到：（1）乡镇企业发生改制的条件是，（预期）改制后的资本收益率高于改制前的资本收益率；（2）影响乡镇企业改制的因素主要有，资本产出弹性、技术进步和企业家才能对产出的贡献这些企业内部的技术因素。 关键词 制度变迁 制度环境 技术因素 乡镇企业 新古典过程 The Neoclassical Process of Institutional Change: The Role of Technical Factors on the Evolution of Township-Village Enterprises Abstract This paper seeks to understand the privatization of China’s Township-Village Enterprises (TVEs). Although TVEs were the engine of China’s growth in the 1980s, they began to be privatized in the 1990s.Several previous works have been concerned with the evolution of TVEs. Generally speaking, past literature emphasizes that TVEs’ ownership arrangement has to be changed effectively in order to adapt to the changing economic and political institutional environments. Within the special assumptions of this literature, however, we develop a theoretical model that explains when and why TVEs could be privatized. The theoretical model focuses on the effect of technical factors in determining the cost and benefits of agents in the event of privatization. We argue that TVEs’ ownership arrangement could be changed on condition that the expected per capita revenue after privatization exceeds the current per capita revenue. We also show theoretically that the elasticity of output of capital, technological progress and the contribution of entrepreneurship to production are the important impetuses for institutional change. JEL classification D23 O39 P32 制度变迁的新古典过程 ——技术因素对乡镇企业改制的影响 内容提要 曾经取得过巨大成就的集体所有制乡镇企业为什么会改制？已有的研究对此的解释是：企业外部的制度环境发生了变化，这使得原来能有效地组织生产经营活动的“模糊的”的集体所有权安排无法继续发