近距离底部临空条件下底板破裂及其稳定性研究-固体力学专业论文.docx

摘要本文以北京木城涧煤矿+570水平六石门区域的三槽上行开采为工程背景，采用理论 分析、数值模拟和现场探测相结合的综合研究方法，对煤层间距平均仅33.5m的近距离 底部临空条件下底板破裂及其稳定性进行了研究。结合岩体卸荷应力应变曲线，分析了底部临空开采节理岩体采动损伤机理；利用卸 荷模量的衰减定义了损伤变量，在进行了一些假定的情况下推导了节理岩体采动损伤本 构模型，对该模型的特性分析表明：其能够很好的反映出由开采引起的节理岩体卸荷效 应。对底部临空开采进行了UDEC数值模拟，模拟结果表明：二、三槽开采的过程中， 对三槽底板应力分布造成的影响为拱形；当考虑岩体卸荷损伤特性时，三槽底板的各岩 层所受影响均较大，三槽直接底及底板中间区域靠近二槽基本顶处还出现了较明显的离 层。通过现场底板钻探、钻孔摄像探测及底板离层监测等综合手段，对三槽底板稳定性 进行了探测研究。结果表明：三槽底板向下破碎带分布的趋势依次为弱裂隙带、微裂隙 带及强裂隙带；其中微裂隙带是一关键层，其能保证三槽底板在开采过程中处于稳定状 态。对现场探测和数值模拟结果进行了对比，结果表明：考虑岩体卸荷损伤特性能更好 的体现出工程实践中三槽底板的破碎带分布规律、离层显现特征及三槽开采过程中直接 顶的垮落规律。因此，在开采过程中考虑岩体的卸荷损伤特性十分必要。关键词：底部临空开采；卸荷损伤；本构模型；数值模拟；钻孔摄像；离层监测；破碎 带ABSTRACTBasedontheanti-procedureminingofNo.3seamforNo.6crossheadingat+570mlevelinMuchengjianmineinBeijin,thefractureandstabilityoffloorundershortdistancewiththeaveragelayerspaceof33.5mandminedbottomisresearchedbytheoryanalysis,numericalsimulationandfielddetection.Theunloadingdamagemechanismofjointedrockforminingunderminedbottomisanalyzedaccordingto thestress-straincurve ofunloadingrock.Thedamagevariableisdefinedbytheattenuationofunloadingmoduleandtheminingdamageconstitutivemodelofjointedrockisdeducedunderseveralhypotheticalsituations.Thefeatureanalysisofthismodelindicatesthatitcanreflecttheunloadingeffectofjointedrockcausedbyminingwell.TheminingunderminedbottomissimulatedbyDEMsoftwareUDEC.Thesimulationresultsindicatethattheactedeffectforthestressdistributionofstratainthe No.3seam’sfloorisarchedintheprocessofminingNo.2andNo.3seam.TheactedeffectofNo.3seam’sfloorwithconsideringunloadingdamageisbiggerandtheseparationsappearinthedirectfloorandclosetothemainroofofNo.2seaminthemiddleofthefloorobviously.ThestabilityoffloorintheNo.3seamisdetectedinfieldbyfloordrilling,boreholecameradetectionandfloorseparationmonitoring.TheresultsoffielddetectionindicatethatthedistributiontrendoffrcturefortheNo.3seam’sfloorisweak,tinyandstrongfracturezonefromtoptobottomandthe tinyfracture zoneisthe keylayerwhichensuresthestabilityofNo.3seam’sfloorintheprocessofmining.Thecomparisionbetweenfielddetec