词汇学chapter4Compounding.pptVIP

Compounding/Composition Definition The formation of new words by joining two or more bases. silkworm 蚕 honey-bee 蜜蜂 tear gas 催泪弹 Each expresses one concept. They are called compounds. Compounding/Composition Form of writing silkworm honey-bee tear gas Compounding/Composition Differences between compounds and free phrases: tear gas easy chair good friend red rose Compounding/Composition Characteristics: 1. Stress pattern: `— — = compound —`— = free phrase `tear gas `easy chair good `friend red `rose The stress falls on the first element in C. The stress falls on the second in FP. Compounding/Composition 2. Meaning: black mail: 　hot potato: 　　　　 dog days: 　the youngest daughter: “one-wordness”: a C is a semantic unit as one word to express a single idea while a free phrase is the combination of two bases. Compounding/Composition 3. Grammatical features： 　easy chair red tape fine art hot line Compounding/Composition Orthographical features Compounds can be written as “solid” like flowerpot, “hyphenated” like flower-pot and even “open” like flower pot, while free phrases can only take the open forms like turn out. Formation of compounds Word classes of compounds: Most compounds are nouns and adjectives Next come verbs. Compounds of other part of speech are few. everyday, something, nobody, whatever, nowhere, within, underneath, into, upon Formation of compounds 1. Noun compounds end product, information highway, netspeak heartbeat, toothache breakwater, swearword software, deadline sleepwalking, airconditioning Formation of compounds washing machine, cleaning lady stockholder, crime reporter outbreak, downfall have-not, sit-in going-over, carryings-on up-bringing Format