景观规划建筑英语1.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * 6. Metropolitan open spacesRoger B. Martin都市开放空间（都市公共空间） As with many aspects of landscape architecture, precedents for metropolitan park systems can be traced to Europe. In early 19th-century Germany, for example Prince Puckler-Muskau, a benevolent aristocrat, converted his ancestral lands in Silesia into an extensive parklike system. His desire was to surround the town of Muskau “in such a way that it would become merely part of the park.” As American cities expanded, several early landscape architects, inspired by the work of Puckler-Muskau and others, envisioned vast open space systems extending through and around the nation’s growing urban regions. 与许多风景园林的许多方面的发展一样，都市公园系统的先例也可以追溯到欧洲。 例如，在十九世纪早期的德国，一位慈善贵族帕克勒-玛斯考王子将其祖先留下的西里西亚的土地转变成了广阔的类似公园的系统。 他的愿望是将玛斯考镇“以成为公园组成部分的方式”将其包围。 随着美国城市的扩张，几位早期的景观设计师，受到帕克勒-玛斯考及其它一些人做法的启发，构想了一个巨大的开放空间系统贯穿并遍布这个国家不断增长的城市区域。 Muskauer Park Brief Description A landscaped park of 559.90-ha astride the Neisse river and the border between Poland and Germany, it was created by Prince Hermann von Puckler-Muskau from 1815 to 1844. Blending seamlessly with the surrounding farmed landscape, the park pioneered new approaches to landscape design and influenced the development of landscape architecture in Europe and America. Designed as a ‘painting with plants’, it did not seek to evoke classical landscapes, paradise, or some lost perfection, instead it used local plants to enhance the inherent qualities of the existing landscape. This integrated landscape extends into the town of Muskau with green passages that formed urban parks framing areas for development. The town thus became a design component in a utopian landscape. The site also features a reconstructed castle, bridges and an arboretum. Branitz勃兰尼茨 穆斯考公园概述 穆斯考公园是位于波兰和德国两国边界横跨尼斯河的一处风景公园，面积559.90公顷，是1815年到1844年由赫尔曼.平克勒.穆斯考亲王建立的。公园和周围的乡村景观完全相融，公园先进的设计理念成为景观设计的先驱，并影响了欧洲和美洲的风景园林发展。公园设计成“植物的色彩园（充满植物的画卷）” ，并不是追求唤起古典园林、天堂园或者一些逝去的完美景观的回忆，而是运用当地植物来增强现有景观的内在品质。这个浑然天成的景观延伸到穆斯考镇成为绿色通道，构