薄冰英语--虚拟语气.docVIP

UNIT8：虚拟语气 第一章、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 1. 非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式（考点） 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were) （would/should/might/could）+ 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 (Would/should/might/could)+ have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 ①动词过去式/should+动词 原形 ②were to+动词原形 （would/should/might/could）+ 动词原形 但要注意：美国英语的结果主句，不管什么人称，皆常用would。 2. 与现在事实相反的非真实条件句 虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反条件句中时，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 （be的过去式用were），结果主句的谓语用should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)＋动词原形。如： I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly come to see you. 很抱歉，我很忙。如果有时间，我一定去看你了。 If it weren’t for their support, we would be in a difficult situation. 要不是有他们的支持，我们的处境会很困难。 If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 3. 与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中时，条件从句的谓语用had＋ 过去分词，结果主句的谓语用should(第一人称) 或would（第二、三人称） ＋ have＋ 过去分词。如： If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。 If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily. 要不是你的帮助，我的工作不会这么容易完成。 If we had known the basic principles, we should have controlled the process even better. 如果我们知道这些基本原理，我们早就能更好地控制这个工序了。 4. 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句 （1）虚拟语气用在与将来事实相反的条件句中时，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），were to或should，结果主句用should(第一人称)或 would（第二、三人称）＋ 动词原形。如： If it rained( were to rain/ should rain) tomorrow, I should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。 If the teacher knew it, he would be angry. 万一老师知道了这事，他会生气的。 I wouldn’t lose courage even if I should fail again. 即使再次失败我也不会气馁。 (2) 在与将来事实相反的条件句中，其条件从句的谓语也可用were to ＋ 动词原形。这种虚拟式比较正式，多用于书面语中，其假想性很强，实现性很小。如： If I were to do it, I would do it another way. 要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。 If he were to come tomorrow, I would speak to him about it.假如明天他来，我会跟他谈这个问题。 5. 情态助动词用于虚拟语气 有不少情态助动词也可用于虚拟语气。如： May you live a long and happy life. 愿你长寿幸福。（may只用于表示愿望） If there were no friction, an automobile could not move. 没有摩擦力，汽车就不能开动。 But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 If computers had not been invited, many problems on space flight could not have been solved. 如果没有发明计算机的话，宇宙飞行的