语法之三：倒装及虚拟语气和比较结构0811.ppt

倒装+虚拟语气+比较结构 2011-08-11 倒装 与陈述语序相反，将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。 倒装可分为两种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全（或全部）倒装； 而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。 倒装 完全倒装： 1)以here、there、now、then等副词开头，谓语动词常用come,be,lie,run的句子。 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 注：若主语是代词，则不用倒装。 Here you are. 倒装 全部倒装 2）表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装;若主语是代词，则不用倒装。 Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy. 倒装 全部倒装 3）表示地点的介词词组(如in front of the house, on the wall)在句首时。 East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 4）分词(代词) + be + 主语“结构 Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me. 倒装 部分倒装 1）句首为否定词或半否定词的状语，如never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少）, rarely（很少）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等。 Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I said. 倒装 部分倒装 2）only + 状语放在句首时,要部分倒装 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.（从句） 注：only修饰主语用的名、代词时不用倒装。 倒装 部分倒装 3）比较结构中Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的情况也适用于后面的主语，或so及so引导的短语置句首时，部分倒装。 I saw the film, so did she. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 注：若前后两句主语相同时或后句只是重复前句内容时，则so起首的句子不用倒装。 倒装 部分倒装 4）Not only+分句（部分倒装），but also+分句（不用倒装）; not until放在句首时从句不倒装，主句倒装。 Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Not until last week did they find the lost bike. Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 倒装 部分倒装 5）as引导的让步从句表语或状语置句首（adj.,adv.,prep.,V.提前）时一般要倒装。 Small as the atom is, we can smash it. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意：若主语是人称代词则正常语序； Be+主语+ever so+adj.句型中，主谓语要倒装。 Be it ever so late, I must do anther experiment. 时间虽晚，但我必须再做一个实验。 倒装 部分倒装 6）在以often, well, many/not a…, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。 Many a time has J