第85地下水岩溶与农业资源.pptVIP

Karst terrains develop from the dissolution of soluble bedrock. Most karst is the result of the dissolution of calcite in limestone by carbonic acid. Dissolution rates are largely controlled by the composition and structure of the bedrock, the amount of rainfall and vegetation in the area, and local topography. Karst terrains contain both subsurface and surface features not found in any other geological setting. Extensive cave systems are often found below the surface of a karst landscape. Cave s are natural underground cavities that generally form 第31页/共35页 as carbonate bedrock dissoves along preexisting joints, fractures, faults,and bedding planes. Most caves develop by a two-stage process: In the first stage, the local water table is high; cave chambers and connecting passageways form from a system of water-filled bedrock fissures. In the second stage, the water table has dropped, and because the cave is now located above the water table, its rooms and passageways exist in an open-air environment. As water that percolates through overlying bedrock enters the cave, it can evaporate or 第32页/共35页 release its carbon dioxide, both of which result in dissolved limestone being precipitated. Cave deposits, called speleothems, include stalactites, which grow downward from the cave ceiling, and stalagmites, which grow upward from the cave floor. The limestone that makes up speleothems is called travertine. Karst topography, the surface expression of karst, is dominated by conical depressions called sinkholes that are often found by the thousands in areas of exposed flat-lying limestone by carbonic acid in groundwater; collapse sinkholes form when the roofs of caves collapse from the weight of overlying materials. 第33页/共35页 第八章 参考文献 1.《地貌学原理》，杨景春，李有利 主编， 高等教育出版社 2.《地貌学》，严钦尚，曾昭璇 主编， 高等教育出版社 3.《普通水文地质学》，王大纯主编， 地质出版社 4.《中国的水危机》，马军著， 中国