Otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻咽喉科学教材.ppt

Introduction The tasks of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ORL) Study：ORL and esophagus, trachea and bronchi—anatomy, physiology and diseases 1、The function features of organs in ORL Special function：audition, olfaction, sense of taste, balance Physiologic function：respiratory function，phonatory function and deglutitory function，immune defensive function. Ordinary diseases：otitis media, rhinitis and sinusitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, laryngitis, deafness. Emergency cases：foreign body, traumatism, hematorrhea, laryngeal obstruction … Tumor：carcinoma of nasopharynx, carcinoma of larynx, carcinoma of rhinosinus, carcinoma of middle ear... 2、Relationship with other organs Nose—orbit, anterior cranial fossa, sellar area, oral cavity Ear—middle and posterior skull base, clivus, rhinopharynx Pharynx and larynx—oral cavity, rhinopharynx, trachea and bronchi, esophagus, obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(OSA) Infective focus—rheumatic fever, arthritis, cardiac disorder, nephritis… 3、Development of otorhinolaryngology： CT, MRI, microscope, endoscope, navigation system, head neck surgery, otoneurosurgery, skull base surgery, rhinoneurosurgery.….. The educational aims of otorhinolaryngology Aims：Methods of examination for ORL，diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the diseases in ORL. Anatomy of the nose External nose inferior turbinate inferior meatus（下鼻甲、下鼻道） middle turbinate middle meatus （中鼻甲、中鼻道） superior turbinate superior meatus（上鼻甲、上鼻道） uncinate process（钩突） ethmoid bulla （筛泡） semilunar hiatus（半月裂） concha bullosa（筛泡） uncinate process（钩突） frontal sinus 额窦 ethmoid sinus 筛窦 maxillary sinus 上颌窦 * * 脑（鼻腔鼻窦）冠状位切面 SN comes from the first and second divisions of the fifth cranial nerve. The nasociliary, or anterior ethmoidal, nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division. Sphenopalatine branches of the maxillary division supply most of the posterior part of the nose.