研_Unit 4 Static vs. Dynamic 英汉对比和 与翻译 研究生 .pptVIP

* Unit 4A Contrastive Study Between English and Chinese 1. Static vs. Dynamic 2. Abstract vs. Concrete 3. Substitutive vs. Repetitive 1. Static vs. Dynamic Broadly speaking, nouns can be characterized as “static” in that they refer to entities (本质) that are regarded as stable. At the opposite pole, verbs can be equally characterized as “dynamic”: they are fitted (by their capacity to show tense and aspect) to indicate action, activity and temporary or changing conditions (Quirk l973: 48). Adjectives and prepositions often go hand in hand with nouns while adverbs are frequently used with verbs. English is featured by its predominance of nouns over verbs (名词优势于动词). London’s growth is rapid. London is growing rapidly. John’s arrival was premature. John came too soon. Hence nominalization (名词化) is a common occurrence in English. English makes more use of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions, and is therefore more static. Conversely, Chinese often employs verbs, adverbs, verbal phrases, repetition and reduplication of verbs, and is therefore more dynamic. Compare English sentences with the Chinese versions: 1) The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. A）医生的迅速到达，以及对病人的非常仔细的检查很快就使病人康复了。 B）医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此) 病人很快就康复了。 2) He had a firm conviction that situation will improve. 他坚信情况会好转。 3) There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 一定要少说空话，多做工作。 4) A successful ban of the use of nuclear weapons must be preceded by the destruction of nuclear weapons. A）对核武器使用的成功禁止必须发生在对核武器的销毁之后。 B）要成功地禁止使用核武器，必须首先销毁核武器。 1) He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。 2) He is a great reader. 他酷爱读书。 3) I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 过去我常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。 4) He must be a very bad learner; or else he must be going to a very bad teacher. 他一定很不善于学习，不然就是他的老师很不会教。 5) The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings. 计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。 6) He has someon